STORY #4
Dengue Outbreak in Belize
San Pedro Health Officials Take Precautionary/Preventative Measures
Over the past week residents of the Cayo District have expressed concerns about the recent outbreak of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in that locality. Our investigation with the medical practitioners in San Pedro has revealed that there are quite a few cases of Dengue Fever on the Island as well.
Most doctors were very co-operative and willing to share their information on cases treated on the island. A total of 30 cases have been reported in the several clinics both public and private (excluding San Marcos Medical Clinic who did not want to disclose the number of cases) in the past two weeks.
Investigations also revealed that the first dengue case was detected a month ago and that the public inspector had not filed the report to the Ministry of Health. We tried to get a hold of the public inspector but were told that he was out of the island on Tuesday’s and Thursday’s.
Town Administrator, Mrs. Patty Tillett, told Ambergris Today that the Town Ccouncil has been spraying the island for three days every five days as advised by the Ministry of Health’s Vector Control Personnel. A meeting with health officials was also held on Tuesday, July 21, where, after much deliberation, the health and government officials came up with a preventative campaign that will be carried out immediately.
The plan will include distributing pamphlets at public offices and clinics in which information on Dengue will be provided, as well as how to prevent mosquito breeding and cleaning up of yards. A clean up campaign is being organized and the dates will be announced at a later date. Residents are asked to clean up their yards and the Town Council will be responsible of picking up the garbage and properly disposing of it. The health inspector will be inspecting all yards and make sure that there are no ways for the mosquitoes to breed.
To date 184 suspected cases were reported countrywide for 2009, 114 occurred in the Cayo District from May 4 to July 14 accounting for the outbreak. During that time, 45 cases have been confirmed by the Central Medical Laboratory in Belize City, and a number of specimens await confirmation. 17 cases were clinically diagnosed as Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, the majority of which came from the Cayo District.
As a result the Ministry of Health has enhanced its efforts to increase ULV spray cycles especially in the Cayo District. It has also embarked on a public education campaign to inform the general public on ways to prevent the transmission of Dengue. Vector Control personnel from the Ministry of Health will be redoubling efforts to conduct premise inspections, identification of breeding sites and the elimination of larvae.
In the absence of the Director of Health Services, Dr. Michael Pitts, Deputy DHS Marjorie Parks spoke to Love FM and said that since dengue is endemic to Belize it is expected that there will be sudden occurrences on an annual basis. Parks said because of Benque Viejo’s proximity to Melchor de Mencos in Guatemala residents in that town are experiencing a slight increase in the number of cases because Melchor is considered a hotspot for the illness.
* What is Dengue?
It is an infectious disease caused by a virus and is transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito.
There are two types of Dengue; (i) Dengue (ii) Dengue Hemorrhagic. Dengue Hemorrhagic is when a person that is already affected by Dengue gets bitten a second time, then develops Dengue Hemorrhagic which in most cases is fatal.
Dengue cannot be transmitted by direct contact by someone who is already infected; it can only be transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito after it has fed on sick person’s blood. The mosquito can travel for very long distances and thus it can contaminate people from different communities or different areas in the same community. This day-biting species is most active in early morning and late afternoon.
Symptoms:
* Sudden and sharp high fever (104 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit) that last for five or seven days.
* Intense pain on the muscles, joints, back, bones, head and eyes.
* Shin rash, vomiting and diarrhea
* Bitter taste in the mouth, loss of appetite
* Some patients can suffer from bleeding episodes in ears and other body parts.
* Dengue Hemorrhagic is particularly serious. It can be fatal especially for children under 15.
* Hemorrhagic manifestations (unusual bleeding from the gums/heavy menstrual bleeding/unexplained bruises).
* General Weakness
Treatment:
There is no treatment or vaccine available for Dengue. If a person is infected he should drink plenty of liquids and rest in bed. He should take some medications to reduce the fever, malaise and intense pain. No aspirin should be taken. If a person suspects that he could have Dengue Hemorrhagic he should immediately go to the nearest medical center.
General Characteristics of the Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes:
These mosquitoes need accumulated and uncovered water for its reproduction so that they lay and rear their eggs. This process can take place both in clean or dirty water. They can develop in any type of receptacle such as bottles, discarded tires, flower vases, roof water drainage, tin cans and toys, as well as in natural water areas such as ponds, tree holes, fruit peels and plants. These mosquitoes develop in both rural and urban areas but mostly bite during the daytime. These are ideal breeding sites for the mosquito that transmits Dengue. With the elimination of breeding sites in and around the yard, Dengue can be avoided.
The public is also encouraged to use mosquito repellent spray or lotion on the body or clothing, and to stay in well-screened areas. Dengue Fever is a disease that must be taken very seriously, in particular if you have had these symptoms in the past, and every effort should be made to keep yourself, your family and your community safe by maintaining a clean environment.
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